Large Language models (LLMs) have witnessed impressive progress and these large models can do a variety of tasks, from generating human-like text to answering questions. However, understanding how these models work still remains challenging, especially due a phenomenon called superposition where features are mixed into one neuron, making it very difficult to extract human understandable […]
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27 days, 1,700+ commits, 99,9% AI generated code The narrative around AI development tools has become increasingly detached from reality. YouTube is filled with claims of building complex applications in hours using AI assistants. The truth? I spent 27 days building ObjectiveScope under a strict constraint: the AI tools would handle ALL coding, debugging, and […]
The post Zero Human Code: What I Learned from Forcing AI to Build (and Fix) Its Own Code for 27 Straight Days appeared first on Towards Data Science.

Nowadays, data science projects do not end with the proof of concept; every project has the goal of being used in production. It is important, therefore, to deliver high-quality code. I have been working as a data scientist for more than ten years and I have noticed that juniors usually have a weak level in […]
The post Data Scientist: From School to Work, Part I appeared first on Towards Data Science.

The customer support teams were drowning with the overwhelming volume of customer inquiries at every company I’ve worked at. Have you had similar experiences? What if I told you that you could use AI to automatically identify, categorize, and even resolve the most common issues? By fine-tuning a transformer model like BERT, you can build […]
The post How to Fine-Tune DistilBERT for Emotion Classification appeared first on Towards Data Science.

In July 1959, Arthur Samuel developed one of the first agents to play the game of checkers. What constitutes an agent that plays checkers can be best described in Samuel’s own words, “…a computer [that] can be programmed so that it will learn to play a better game of checkers than can be played by […]
The post Learning How to Play Atari Games Through Deep Neural Networks appeared first on Towards Data Science.

Ethical issues aside, should you be honest when asked how certain you are about some belief? Of course, it depends. In this blog post, you’ll learn on what. A probabilistic quiz game David Spiegelhalter’s new (as of 2025) fantastic book, “The Art of Uncertainty” – a must-read for everyone who deals with probabilities and their communication […]
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With the recent explosion of interest in large language models (LLMs), they often seem almost magical. But let’s demystify them. I wanted to step back and unpack the fundamentals — breaking down how LLMs are built, trained, and fine-tuned to become the AI systems we interact with today. This two-part deep dive is something I’ve been meaning […]
The post How LLMs Work: Pre-Training to Post-Training, Neural Networks, Hallucinations, and Inference appeared first on Towards Data Science.

In the past few years, technology and AI have evolved more than ever. As I read about the new concepts in tech and learn new skills and techniques each day, I feel in a state of limbo — there is so much content to consume and yet, very little content that I could create.  In the rapidly […]
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